By Carl Waldman, Alan Wexler, Jon Cunningham
A two-volume connection with the historical past of human exploration over land, throughout and lower than seas, and into area. quantity I: The Explorers is a who was once who of global explorers, whereas quantity II: locations, applied sciences, and Cultural developments covers different major features of the historical past of exploration.
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Additional resources for Encyclopedia Of Exploration
1540–1585) Dutch mariner in Russia and the ecu Arctic Olivier Brunel, born in Brussels or Louvain, used to be of Flemish ancestry. He pursued a occupation in navigation and was hoping to make a fortune in exchange with the Orient through learning the NORTHEAST PASSAGE. Brunel performed his first identified voyage in approximately 1565, backed via the White Sea buying and selling corporation, rounding the North Cape of Norway into the Barents Sea and onto its inlet, the White Sea. He was once taken prisoner by means of Russian gurus, accused of being a undercover agent through the MUSCOVY corporation of London, and held at Yaroslavl, north of Moscow, till 1570. The Stroganovs, an influential Russian service provider family members, lobbied for his unlock and employed him to improve alternate kinfolk among Russia and the Netherlands. in this interval, he reportedly turned the 1st ecu to make the overland trip from Moscow to the Ob River to the west. It used to be this trip that brought on him to plot a sea trip during the Kara Sea to the mouth of the Ob River for a proposed path to the empire of Cathay (China). He reportedly first pointed out his plans for this voyage as early as 1581 and maybe made a failed try out that summer time. In 1583, less than the sponsorship of Frederick II of Denmark and Norway, Brunel, including a Norwegian enterprise associate, Arent Meyer, undertook a voyage of exploration to GREENLAND from Bergen, Norway. flow ICE and fog off Greenland brought on them to desert the challenge. In 1584, sponsored via a Dutch consortium and back in partnership with Meyer, Brunel pursued his dream of a sea path to Cathay yet made it in basic terms so far as the west coast of Novaya Zemlya ahead of being blocked by means of ice. the subsequent yr, he made one other try and achieve the Ob River, coming into the Kara Sea in terms of the Yugor Strait. With passage back blocked by means of ice, he made up our minds as a substitute to make a touchdown at Pe- chora Bay and alternate his shipment with the local Samoyeds, an project that proved winning. The touchdown boat capsized at the go back to the send, even if, and Brunel was once drowned. Olivier Brunel’s sea and land voyages helped additional alternate contacts among ecu countries and extend wisdom of the eu Arctic, as begun via the Britons SIR HUGH WILLOUGHBY, RICHARD CHANCELLOR , and STEPHEN BOROUGH and persisted through fellow Dutchman WILLEM BARENTS. Bruni, Antoine-Raymond-Joseph de (chevalier d’Entrecasteaux) (1737–1793) French naval officer within the South Pacific Antoine-Raymond-Joseph de Bruni, chevalier d’Entrecasteaux, used to be born at his family’s chateau within the Provence quarter of southern France. He was once of noble descent, and his father served as a excessive executive legit in Provence. After getting into the Marine shield in 1754, d’Entrecasteaux went directly to serve with contrast within the conflict of Minorca of 1756, a French naval victory over the British within the western MEDITERRANEAN SEA. via 1770, he have been promoted to lieutenant commander, and, over the following a number of years, he directed the operations of ports and arsenals in France. In 1785, d’Entrecasteaux was once made commander of French naval forces within the Indian Ocean and the a ways East.