By Stephen E. Kidd
This publication examines the concept that of 'nonsense' in historic Greek proposal and makes use of it to discover the comedies of the 5th and fourth centuries BCE. If 'nonsense' (phluaria, lēros) is a kind of language felt to be unworthy of interpretation, it will possibly support to outline definite elements of comedy that experience proved tough to understand. now not least is the recurrent conception that even supposing the comedian style may be significant (i.e. comprise political beliefs, ethical sentiments and aesthetic tastes), a few of it's only 'foolery' or 'fun'. yet what precisely is that this 'foolery', this a part of comedy which allegedly lies past the scope of significant interpretation? the answer's to be present in the concept that of 'nonsense': via reading the ways that comedy doesn't suggest, the genre's dating to critical that means (whether it's political, aesthetic, or ethical) should be considered in a clearer gentle.
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Extra info for Nonsense and Meaning in Ancient Greek Comedy
If one returns to the classical interval, it may be noticeable that whereas Isocrates means that a technique of manufacturing nonsense is thru repetition, Plato means that differently is thru a type of rambling speech. In legislation, Plato explores a proverbial expression for “speak nonsense” that is to “fall from an ass”64 (701c5–d2): δεῖν φαίνεται ἔμοιγε οἷόνπερ ἵππον τὸν λόγον ἑκάστοτε, ἀναλαμβάνειν, καὶ μὴ καθάπερ ἀχάλινον κεκτημένον τὸ στόμα, βίᾳ ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου φερόμενον, κατὰ τὴν παροιμίαν ἀπό τινος ὄνου πεσεῖν, ἀλλ’ ἐπανερωτᾶν τὸ νυνδὴ λεχθέν, τὸ τίνος δὴ χάριν [ἕνεκα] ταῦτα ἐλέχθη). sixty five it kind of feels to me essential to always pull up at the argument point-by-point like a horse, and never, like one with an unbridled mouth, borne forcefully alongside by means of the argument, “to fall from a few ass” (= “speak nonsense”) because the proverb is going, yet to invite approximately what was once simply spoken, certainly, why this stuff have been spoken. The Athenian’s injunction is that every aspect in an issue be checked to work out what's being further logically to the final argument. If one doesn't do that, one hazards permitting the argument to behave like “an unbridled horse” – that's, to run off in accidental instructions, including not anything to the overarching argument. Such an issue, then, with no the signposts of an overarching, logical constitution, dangers “nonsense” (ἀπό τινος ὄνου πεσεῖν). As with Isocrates, you could find extra expressions of this concept in later writers, however it is alongside the traces of the Athenian’s idea that the tips of “nonsense” (phluarein, lērein) and “garrulity” (lalein, adoleskhein) converge: whilst one speaks an excessive amount of and loses song of the important thread, garrulity turns into nonsense. sixty six alongside those traces, while Aelius Aristides defines “garrulity,” he says (Pros Plat. 53): sixty four sixty five sixty six For the proverbial expression, cf. Nub. 1273, τί δῆτα ληρεῖς ὥσπερ ἀπ’ ὄνου καταπεσών “why do you speak nonsense like one that fell from an ass? ” The foundation of the proverb is vague: that it's a pun from ἀπὸ νοῦ πεσεῖν originates within the Suda and is proposed by means of LSJ (s. v. ὄνος 4). This threat is rejected via Dover (1989[1968]) advert loc. England (1921) advert loc. notes that mss. A, L and O have νοῦ, whereas O2 has ὄνου: “The mistake used to be not likely unintentional, yet as a result of a false impression of a few grammarian’s word to the effect that regularly – e. g. , the passage from the Clouds – ἀπ’ ὄνου was once intended to be heard as ἀπὸ νοῦ. ” Cf. MacDowell advert. Vesp. 1370. For the pairing of “garrulity” phrases with nonsense phrases, see Alexis nine. 10 KA λαλεῖν τι καὶ ληρεῖν (the which means of this passage is mentioned below). Plut. De Garr. 504b5: in contrast to the under the influence of alcohol who basically speaks nonsense whilst under the influence of alcohol the garrulous guy (ὁ δ’ ἀδόλεσχος) πανταχοῦ ληρεῖ; Plut. De Garr. 510c χαίρεις λαλῶν καὶ φλυαρῶν, Quaest. Conv. 716f4 λαλιᾶς δ’ ἀτάκτου καὶ φλυαρίας; Aristid. execs Plat. a hundred thirty. nine φλυαρίαν τινὰ καὶ λαλιὰν ἐπεδείκνυτο; Plut. Quomodo adul. 22a9 φλυαρεῖς τοσαῦτα καὶ Nonsense and linguistic gains 39 λαλιᾶς μὲν οἶμαι διὰ κενῆς ληρεῖν καὶ εἰς μηδὲν δέον καὶ διατρίβειν τηνάλλως, λόγων δὲ ἀληθινῶν τῶν καιρῶν καὶ τῶν πραγμάτων στοχάξεσθαι καὶ τὸ πρέπον σώζειν πανταχοῦ.